Blockchain Security Audit

The SlowMist security research team has extensive experience with Bitcoin, Ethereum, Monero, and other public blockchains.We have accumulated years of experience in the security of crucial modules such as P2P communication, RPC calls, cryptographic components, consensus mechanisms, and asset transactions. SlowMist is a pioneer in the field of public blockchain security architectural solutions. SlowMist has publicly disclosed global security attacks such as ETH Black Valentine's Day, the VeChain Core Block Producer Security Implementation Guide, the Ontology Beidou Consensus Cluster Security Implementation Guide, and developed the EOS Block Producer Security Implementation Guide.

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Blockchain Security Audit Scheme

Mainnet Security and Compliance Audit

For public chains and Layer 2 mainnets that are already live or about to launch, the audit focuses on the robustness of infrastructure protection, node distribution and disaster recovery, consensus reliability, and the resilience of core code against attacks. Historical audit records and regulatory compliance requirements are also considered to assess the mainnet security baseline and compliance status, resulting in a professional assessment report.

Typical audit areas include:

  • Infrastructure security assessment
  • Network scale and node distribution assessment
  • Consensus algorithm security assessment
  • Core code security assessment
  • Historical audit and compliance assessment

Source Code Security Audit

Source code security auditing adopts a "white-box" strategy and performs in-depth analysis of project source code. It typically combines automated static analysis with manual review to improve both coverage and precision.

Static Source Code Analysis

The SlowMist team uses open-source or commercial code scanning tools for static analysis and manually reviews the findings. Supported mainstream languages include C/C++/Golang/Rust/Java/Node.js/C#.

The static analysis scope includes the following categories:

Code quality and maintainability issues:

Unused variables or imports, inconsistent formatting, inconsistent naming, insufficient or outdated comments, poor readability, duplicated code, excessive complexity, poor testability, and design principle violations.

Resource and execution safety issues:

Improperly closed resources, memory leaks, deadlocks, race conditions, infinite recursion, improper exception handling, and performance issues.

Basic coding defects:

Magic numbers, hard-coded constants, type conversion errors, divide-by-zero errors, null pointer dereferences, integer overflow, and floating-point precision issues.

Typical security risks:

SQL injection, XSS, string formatting vulnerabilities, buffer overflow, insecure random number generation, path traversal, TOCTOU-style time and state issues, and hard-coded keys or sensitive information.

Architecture and supply chain issues:

High coupling, low cohesion, and outdated dependencies or dependencies with known security risks.

Manual Code Review

The SlowMist security team adopts a deep audit model combining "expert manual review + automated tool assistance" to analyze the underlying code line by line, accurately identifying potential coding defects and deep logic vulnerabilities. Our core audit scope comprehensively covers key dimensions of blockchain systems, mainly including:

Cryptographic Security:

Rigorously examining the implementation and application of signature algorithms, hash functions, random number generation, and encryption protocols to ensure the underlying cryptographic foundation is unbreakable.

Account and Transaction Security:

Conducting in-depth checks for replay attacks, double-spending attacks, privilege escalation, and transaction malleability risks to ensure absolute security for user assets and on-chain interactions.

RPC Security:

Strictly verifying interface authentication, input filtering, and rate limiting mechanisms to prevent malicious exploitation or DDoS attacks on node external interaction channels.

P2P Security:

Evaluating node discovery and routing mechanisms, testing network isolation, and comprehensively preventing eclipse attacks and Sybil attacks.

Consensus Security:

Deeply analyzing the robustness of consensus algorithms (such as PoW/PoS/BFT, etc.), mitigating long-range attacks, fork vulnerabilities, and collusion among malicious nodes.

Business Logic Security:

Reviewing architectural design defects, state machine anomalies, and various complex business layer logic vulnerabilities in conjunction with specific application scenarios and economic models.

Vulnerability Severity Classification

The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is an open framework for describing the characteristics and severity of software vulnerabilities. CVSS includes Base, Temporal, and Environmental metrics: the Base metrics reflect intrinsic properties of the vulnerability, the Temporal metrics capture characteristics that change over time, and the Environmental metrics reflect the impact within a specific deployment context.

Based on the CVSS methodology, SlowMist further defines a vulnerability severity classification tailored to blockchain scenarios:

Level Description
Critical Has a major impact on the security of the blockchain project and should be remediated immediately.
High Significantly affects normal system operation and should be fixed as soon as possible.
Medium Has a practical impact on project operation and should be scheduled for remediation.
Low May affect system operation in specific scenarios and should be prioritized according to business context.
Weakness Represents a theoretical security risk that is extremely difficult to reproduce in practice.
Suggestion Does not necessarily constitute a direct vulnerability, but indicates better coding or architectural practices.
Information Matches the intended design, but may still cause user asset loss or security misunderstanding under certain usage patterns.

Blockchain Based Cryptocurrency Security Audit Guide: https://github.com/slowmist/Cryptocurrency-Security-Audit-Guide

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